Newly recognized diversity in Trochodendraceae from the Eocene of Western North America
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2018
Publication Title
International Journal of Plant Sciences
Abstract
The Eocene flora of the Okanogan Highlands in the Pacific Northwest of North America has been recognized previously to include extinct species of both extant genera of the Trochodendraceae. Here, using microcomputed tomography (μCT) scanning to augment traditional methods, we recognize additional diversity, including two new fruit types. Concavistylon wehrii sp. nov. is documented by a fertile twig with attached leaves and an infructescence, allowing for an unusually complete reconstruction of this extinct genus. Concavistyon wehrii infructescences are racemes bearing fruits on short pedicels. Fruits are apically dehiscent capsules with four to six styles. The leaves resemble those of modern Trochodendron in pinnate venation, glandular teeth, and epidermal anatomy but have short petioles. The second new type of infructescence, Pentacentron sternhartae gen. et sp. nov., resembles extant Tetracentron in having small, sessile, apically dehiscent capsules but consistently has five, rather than four, styles. The μCT X-ray imaging demonstrates that fruits of both Concavistylon and Pentacentron differ from those of extant Trochodendraceae in having styles that are concave with stigmas directed inward rather than outward. These fossils, together with previously recognized fossil fruits and leaves of Trochodendron and leaves of Tetracentron from the same beds, indicate that the Trochodendraceae family was more diverse 50–52 Ma than it is today.
Department
Biological and Environmental Sciences
Volume Number
179
Issue Number
8
First Page
663
Last Page
676
DOI
10.1086/699282
Recommended Citation
Manchester, S.R., Pigg, K.B., Kvaček, Zlato, DeVore, M.L., & Dillhoff, R.M. (2018). Newly recognized diversity in Trochodendraceae from the Eocene of Western North America. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 179(8), 663-676.